Proteins

Proteins, as measured by Olink’s** platform, are quantified using proximity extension assays and reported in Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX) units, a relative measure allowing for high-throughput, multiplexed protein analysis. This category includes a wide array of circulating proteins involved in inflammation, cardiovascular health, neurology, oncology, and metabolic health. The NPX values reflect relative abundance within a study cohort rather than absolute concentrations, making them useful for identifying patterns and associations with health status across populations. These measurements are powerful for research and exploratory applications, helping to uncover protein-disease relationships, but are not intended for direct clinical interpretation or individualized assessment.

** Olink® Proteomics Platform: Olink provides high-throughput, multiplex protein biomarker analysis using its proprietary Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) technology. The platform enables quantification of up to 5,400 proteins from minimal sample volumes (as low as 1–4 µL of plasma or serum), with high specificity and low cross-reactivity.[89]**

[87] About Olink — Olink®. Accessed November 6, 2025. https://olink.com/about/about-olink

Proteins

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